Glossary Terms

A method used in qualitative research to identify, analyze, and interpret patterns or themes in data.

A person’s belief in their own ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish tasks.

The study of mental disorders, including their symptoms, causes, and treatment. Also refers to the presence of psychological symptoms or maladaptive behavior.

A standardized method for measuring mental abilities, personality traits, or psychological symptoms using validated tools (e.g., IQ tests, depression scales).

The scientific study of the mind and behavior, including thoughts, emotions, and actions.

A psychological assessment that uses ambiguous stimuli (e.g., inkblots, pictures) to reveal hidden emotions or internal conflicts (e.g., Rorschach test).

Learning through rewards and punishments (e.g., Skinner box).

A group of conditions (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, ADHD) that begin in early childhood and affect brain development, impacting learning, behavior, or functioning.

Cognitive frameworks or concepts that help individuals organize and interpret information, shaping how they perceive the world.

A set of mental skills—including planning, working memory, attention, and problem-solving—that help people manage tasks and regulate behavior.