Glossary Terms

Using someone else’s ideas, words, or work without giving proper credit. A serious ethical violation in research and writing.

The ongoing process of reviewing study data and procedures to ensure compliance with the protocol, regulations, and quality standards.

A committee that reviews research involving human participants to ensure ethical standards are met, including informed consent and risk minimization.

A process in which participants are given clear, complete information about a study so they can voluntarily decide whether to participate.

Principles that guide conduct in research and practice, including honesty, respect, fairness, and protecting participants from harm.

A situation in which a person’s personal or financial interests could compromise or appear to compromise their objectivity in research.

The practice of keeping participants’ personal and identifying information private and secure during and after a study.

A systematic error or deviation that can affect the results of a study. Bias can occur in study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation.

Recognition given to those who made significant contributions to a research project or publication. Typically follows ethical and professional guidelines.

An independent examination of study processes, records, and data to verify that the research is conducted in accordance with protocols and regulations.