Glossary Terms

A systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information to answer questions or solve problems.

The ability of a study to be repeated by others and produce the same results, confirming the reliability of findings.

Repeating a study or experiment to confirm findings and test reliability. A key part of scientific credibility.

The consistency of a measure or result. A reliable measure produces similar results under consistent conditions.

A detailed plan that outlines the objectives, design, methods, and procedures of a research study. It serves as a guide for conducting the study consistently and ethically, and is often reviewed by an Institutional Review Board (IRB).

A process in which experts evaluate a research study or manuscript before publication to ensure quality and accuracy.

The people who take part in a research study. They may also be referred to as subjects or respondents.

A clear, specific description of how a concept or variable is measured or manipulated in a study.

Standardized assessments with fixed response options (e.g., multiple-choice), used to measure traits, behaviors, or symptoms (e.g., MMPI).

The overall strategy and rationale behind the research process, including the specific methods used for data collection and analysis.