Glossary Terms

Research involving the manipulation of one variable to determine its effect on another, typically using control and experimental groups.

Characteristics that disqualify individuals from participating in a study to ensure safety, consistency, or scientific validity.

A study in which participants and researchers do not know which group they are in (e.g., receiving treatment or placebo).

The outcome or response that is measured in a study. It is affected by changes in the independent variable.

A group in a study that does not receive the experimental treatment. Used as a baseline to compare the effects of the intervention.

A variable that influences both the independent and dependent variable, potentially distorting the true relationship between them.

A final summary of what the study found, its significance, and what it suggests for future research or practice.

A group of individuals who share a common characteristic or experience within a defined period (e.g., birth year, diagnosis). In research, cohorts are often followed over time to examine outcomes, behaviors, or health conditions.

Studies conducted with human participants to evaluate medical, behavioral, or health-related outcomes (e.g., trials, surveys, observational studies).

A research technique used to prevent participants or researchers from knowing which group a participant is in (e.g., treatment or placebo) to reduce bias.