Glossary Terms

The influence of personal feelings, values, or perspectives on research or interpretation. Often acknowledged and examined in qualitative research.

A negative label or stereotype that causes a person or group to be seen as socially unacceptable, often leading to shame, discrimination, and exclusion.

A process by which individuals or groups are marginalized and denied full participation in society, often resulting in reduced access to resources, opportunities, and rights.

The conditions in which people are born, live, work, learn, and age that influence their health and quality of life—such as income, education, housing, and access to care.

A negative belief, assumption, or attitude toward a group, often held without sufficient knowledge and leading to unfair treatment or discrimination.

An awareness of how a researcher’s identity, background, and social position influence their perspective and relationship with the research process and participants.

The study of health outcomes in groups of individuals, including how social, economic, and environmental factors influence health disparities.