Glossary Terms

A statistical method used to examine the relationship between one dependent variable and one or more independent variables.

A research method that uses numerical data and statistical techniques to examine relationships, patterns, or outcomes.

A research method focused on understanding meaning, experiences, or concepts through non-numerical data (e.g., interviews, observations, open-ended questions)

A technique used to determine the sample size needed to detect an effect of a certain size with a given level of confidence.

A statistical measure that indicates the probability that the observed results occurred by chance. A p-value less than 0.05 is typically considered statistically significant.

A qualitative research method that focuses on individuals’ stories and personal experiences as a way to understand how they make sense of the world.

The number or value that appears most frequently in a data set.

A research approach that combines both qualitative (descriptive) and quantitative (numerical) data to provide a more comprehensive understanding.

A statistical technique that combines the results of multiple studies on the same topic to produce a single, more robust conclusion.

The middle value in a list of numbers arranged in order. Half the values are above, and half are below the median.