Analysis of Variance [ANOVA]
A statistical method used to compare means among three or more groups to see if at least one is significantly different.
Trial registry
A publicly accessible database (e.g., ClinicalTrials.gov) where key details of clinical trials are recorded and shared to promote transparency and accountability.
Telemedicine
The delivery of healthcare services remotely using communication technology, such as video calls or phone consultations, often used to expand access to care.
Site Initiation Visit [SIV]
A meeting conducted before a clinical trial begins at a research site. It ensures that the site staff understand the study protocol, procedures, and responsibilities.
Randomized controlled trial [RCT]
A study in which participants are randomly assigned to treatment or control groups to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention.
Protocol deviation
Any change or departure from the planned study procedures, which must be documented and reported.
Polysubstance use
The use of more than one drug or substance, either simultaneously or in close succession. It can be intentional or unintentional and may increase risk for overdose or other harms.
Placebo-controlled
A study that includes a group receiving an inactive treatment (placebo) to compare against the active treatment’s effects.
Pharmacovigilance
The process of monitoring, detecting, and assessing adverse effects of medications to ensure drug safety.
